Anatomical Studies of Citrus jambhiri Lush. Roots Infected by Pratylenchus coffeae

All motile stages of Pratylenchus coffeae infected mature and immature tissues of Citrus jambhiri (rough lemon) seedling tap roots. The nematodes fed primarily in the cortex and colonized in pockets or cavities. Intra- and intercellular migration within the cortex occurred in either direction from the point of entry. When P. coffeae invaded a root tip the meristem often was destroyed and lateral root initiation usually occurred near the destroyed root tip. Males were essential for reproduction and survived at least 2 1/2 months within root tissues, but with males alone used as inoculum, no cortical pockets were formed. On infected trees in the field P. coffeae were most numerous in C. jambhiri feeder roots.     

A Cross-linking Mass Spectrometry Approach Defines Protein Interactions in Yeast Mitochondria

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Highlights

• •XL-MS reveals new PPIs in yeast mitochondria under glycerol and glucose condition.
• •Significant but limited results from quantitative XL-MS experiments.
• •Ndi1 participates in a CIII₂CIV₂ respiratory supercomplex.
• •Min8 promotes assembly of Cox12 into an intermediate complex IV.

     

桔小实蝇的研究进展

桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis是一种世界性检疫害虫,在我国属于二类检疫害虫。桔小实蝇可危害250多种水果和蔬菜。文章综述了桔小实蝇的危害、分类鉴定、生物学和生态学等的研究进展,并对桔小实蝇的防治措施进行了探讨。     

草豆蔻传粉生物学的研究

比较研究了花柱卷曲性植物草豆蔻 Alpinia hainanensis两种表型(上举型和下垂型)的传粉生物学特性。结果表明:草豆蔻的花柱卷曲运动节律与其他已报道的山姜属Alpinia植物基本一致,而下垂型花的花柱卷曲运动明显滞后于上举型花约2 h。草豆蔻的花柱卷曲运动中存在一些不同步的现象,甚至在同一花序上的两朵花的花柱运动节律亦会表现出不一致的现象,但上举型花的花药开裂时间却严格同步,都发生在同类型个体的柱头全部位于花药上方之后进行。草豆蔻上举型花的花蜜分泌量、单花花粉量、花粉/胚珠比率(P/O)均明显比下垂型花多,而两种表型的胚珠数、花蜜糖含量、氨基酸含量无显著差异。在草豆蔻的单花期内不同时间段进行人工授粉,上举型花在其柱头位于花药下方时进行人工授粉,其结实率明显比柱头位于花药上方时人工授粉的处理高,下垂型花则没有显著差异。在自然居群中,草豆蔻的主要传粉者是无垫蜂Ameglla sp.和两种木蜂Xylocopa sp.,但存在传粉者不足而影响结实率的现象。完全套袋、去雄和去雌(去柱头)处理的均不结实,表明草豆蔻中不存在无融合生殖、主动自花授粉和滞后自交的生殖保障现象。而人工自交和异交均具有较高的结实率,表明草豆蔻为自交亲和植物。草豆蔻的繁育系统是具花柱卷曲性运动的异花授粉的交配系统。     

Ontogenetic change in the abundance of mycosporine-like amino acids in non-zooxanthellate coral larvae

Although mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) have been extensively investigated in reef-building corals, the sources of these MAAs and the process of their interconversion remain a topic of interest. Here we examined ontogenetic change in the abundance of MAAs in planula larvae of the spawning scleractinian coral Goniastrea retiformis in the absence of zooxanthellae and other dietary input. In order to examine the potential contribution of prokaryotes in the synthesis of MAAs in animal tissue, one group of larvae were treated with the antibiotic rifampicin. High concentrations of MAAs (mycosporine-glycine, shinorine, palythinol, asterina-330), were present in the asymbiotic eggs and adults; however, no MAAs were present in the endosymbiotic zooxanthellae. We documented a steady decline in the total MAA concentrations through time in larvae treated with rifampicin; however, in the absence of antibiotic there was a significant increase in the concentration of MAAs, driven by a sharp increase in the abundance of shinorine and palythinol between day 3 and 7. Our results suggest that MAA synthesis and conversion in G. retiformis larvae occurred in the absence of symbiotic zooxanthellae, and indicate a possible contribution of prokaryotes associated with the animal tissue to these processes.     

烟粉虱生物型研究进展

烟粉虱B em isia tabaci(G ennad ius)是一种取食植物汁液的重要农业害虫,同时也是许多植物病毒最重要的传播介体之一。烟粉虱被认为是由许多具有明显遗传分化的不同种群即生物型组成的复合种,其中B型烟粉虱是一种入侵性最强的生物型,几乎在世界各地均有分布。由于不同生物型的烟粉虱在寄主范围、传毒能力、地理分布、抗药性等许多生物学方面存在差异,因此对烟粉虱生物型的鉴定及其遗传分化研究对于该害虫的可持续控制具有重要的指导意义。烟粉虱生物型的鉴定方法包括生物学鉴定、酶谱鉴定以及分子标记鉴定的方法,其中使用的分子标记包括RAPD、AFLP、rDNA-ITS1、m tDNA CO I以及SSR等标记。目前,不同生物型的烟粉虱尤其B型烟粉虱的分类地位仍然存在争议。介绍了不同生物型烟粉虱的生物学差异、鉴定方法及其遗传分化研究的最新进展,同时探讨了不同生物型烟粉虱的分类地位和研究方向。     

蛋白质：生物界中又一类信息的储存者和传递者 ——对 prion 生物学相关知识的重新解读

蛋白质在相当一段时间内一直被认为只是 DNA 或 RNA 等遗传物质的表达形式,其单独不具有储存和传递生物信息的功能,而储存和传递生物信息却是遗传物质的两个基本属性 . 随着近年来 prion 生物学的出现和研究的逐步深入,人们已经认识到蛋白质单独就具有储存和传递生物信息的功能,从这个意义上讲,蛋白质也是一类遗传物质 . 所以很有必要站在这个角度对 prion 生物学的相关知识进行重新的梳理和再认识,通过对哺乳动物 prion 生物学和真菌 prion 生物学各自发展历程的简要回顾和最新研究成果的介绍,以及它们之间相同点和不同点的比较,总结出蛋白质储存和传递生物信息的一般规律并指出其表现形式的多样性 .     

精心设计教学活动,激发学生的学习兴趣

在生物学教学中通过设疑引起学生对知识的好奇;通过增加学生的认知冲突引起学生对知识的关注;以形象、生动的手段展示知识的魅力,让学生感受到知识的趣味：使学生在积极的情绪体验中产生兴趣。     

桃花水母

介绍了桃花水母的生活习性、形态、生理、分类、分布,讨论了桃花水母的研究意义及经济价值。